Reproduced in full from the syllabus finalised by the Under Graduate Medical Education Board (UGMEB), National Medical Commission (NMC Public Notice, 22 December 2025), and notified by the National Testing Agency for NEET (UG)-2026 (NTA Public Notice, 08 January 2026) — for the academic session 2026-27. No separate NEET UG 2027 syllabus has been notified yet; this is the current authoritative document candidates preparing for the 2027 cycle should build against until an update is issued.
Units of measurement, systems of units, SI units, fundamental and derived units, least count, significant figures, errors in measurement, dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications.
Frame of reference, motion in a straight line, position-time graph, speed and velocity, uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time and position-time graphs, relations for uniformly accelerated motion, scalars and vectors, vector addition and subtraction, scalar and vector products, unit vector, resolution of a vector, relative velocity, motion in a plane, projectile motion, uniform circular motion.
Force and inertia, Newton's first law of motion; momentum, Newton's second law of motion, impulse; Newton's third law of motion, law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications, equilibrium of concurrent forces. Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction. Dynamics of uniform circular motion — centripetal force and its applications: vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on a banked road.
Work done by a constant force and a variable force, kinetic and potential energies, work-energy theorem, power. Potential energy of a spring, conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and non-conservative forces, motion in a vertical circle, elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.
Centre of mass of a two-particle system, centre of mass of a rigid body; basic concepts of rotational motion, moment of a force, torque, angular momentum and its conservation, and applications. Moment of inertia, radius of gyration, values of moment of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications. Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid-body rotation and equations of rotational motion, comparison of linear and rotational motion.
The universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth. Kepler's laws of planetary motion. Gravitational potential energy, gravitational potential, escape velocity, motion of a satellite — orbital velocity, time period and energy of a satellite.
Elastic behaviour, stress-strain relationship, Hooke's law, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity. Pressure due to a fluid column, Pascal's law and its applications, effect of gravity on fluid pressure. Viscosity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, critical velocity, Bernoulli's principle and its applications. Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess pressure across a curved surface, applications of surface tension — drops, bubbles and capillary rise. Heat, temperature, thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, calorimetry, change of state, latent heat, heat transfer — conduction, convection and radiation.
Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, concept of temperature. Heat, work and internal energy. First law of thermodynamics, isothermal and adiabatic processes. Second law of thermodynamics — reversible and irreversible processes.
Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done in compressing a gas. Kinetic theory of gases — assumptions, concept of pressure. Kinetic interpretation of temperature, RMS speed of gas molecules, degrees of freedom, law of equipartition of energy and application to specific heat capacities of gases, mean free path, Avogadro's number.
Oscillations and periodic motion — time period, frequency, displacement as a function of time, periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation, phase, oscillations of a spring — restoring force and force constant, energy in S.H.M. (kinetic and potential energies), simple pendulum — derivation of the expression for its time period. Wave motion — longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of a travelling wave, displacement relation for a progressive wave, principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, beats.
Electric charges and conservation of charge, Coulomb's law — forces between two point charges and between multiple charges, superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. Electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field. Electric flux, Gauss's law and its applications to find the field due to an infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, and a uniformly charged thin spherical shell. Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges; potential difference, equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of an electric dipole in an electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators, dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without a dielectric medium, energy stored in a capacitor.
Electric current, drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current. Ohm's law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics of ohmic and non-ohmic conductors, electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity, series and parallel combinations of resistors, temperature dependence of resistance. Internal resistance, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and parallel, Kirchhoff's laws and their applications, Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge.
Biot-Savart law and its application to a current-carrying circular loop. Ampere's law and its application to an infinitely long current-carrying straight wire and solenoid. Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, force between two parallel current-carrying conductors — definition of ampere, torque on a current loop in a uniform magnetic field, moving-coil galvanometer, its sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter. Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines, magnetic field due to a magnetic dipole along its axis and perpendicular to its axis, torque on a magnetic dipole in a uniform magnetic field. Para-, dia- and ferromagnetic substances with examples, effect of temperature on magnetic properties.
Electromagnetic induction — Faraday's law, induced emf and current, Lenz's law, eddy currents, self and mutual inductance. Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage, reactance and impedance, LCR series circuit, resonance, power in AC circuits, wattless current, AC generator and transformer.
Displacement current, electromagnetic waves and their characteristics, transverse nature of electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays), applications of electromagnetic waves.
Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, thin lens formula and lens-maker's formula. Total internal reflection and its applications. Magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact. Refraction of light through a prism. Microscope and astronomical telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers. Wave optics — wavefront and Huygens' principle, laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens' principle. Interference, Young's double-slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of the central maximum. Polarization, plane-polarized light, Brewster's law, uses of plane-polarized light and Polaroid.
Dual nature of radiation, photoelectric effect, Hertz's and Lenard's observations, Einstein's photoelectric equation, particle nature of light. Matter waves — wave nature of a particle, de Broglie relation.
Alpha-particle scattering experiment, Rutherford's model of the atom, Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of the nucleus, atomic masses, mass-energy relation, mass defect, binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission and fusion.
Semiconductors, semiconductor diode — I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier, I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell and Zener diode, Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR).
Familiarity with the basic approach and observations of 18 prescribed experiments/activities, including: Vernier callipers; screw gauge; simple pendulum (energy dissipation vs amplitude²); metre scale — mass by principle of moments; Young's modulus of a metallic wire; surface tension of water by capillary rise; coefficient of viscosity via terminal velocity; speed of sound using a resonance tube; specific heat capacity of a solid and a liquid by the method of mixtures; resistivity and resistance of a wire (metre bridge, Ohm's law); galvanometer resistance and figure of merit (half-deflection method); focal length of a convex mirror, concave mirror and convex lens (parallax method); angle of deviation vs angle of incidence for a prism; refractive index of a glass slab (travelling microscope); characteristic curves of a p-n junction diode and a Zener diode; identification of diode, LED, resistor and capacitor from a mixed collection.
Grouped, exactly as NMC's document groups them, into Physical (8 units), Inorganic (4 units) and Organic Chemistry (8 units).
Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory, concept of atom/molecule/element/compound, laws of chemical combination, atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae, chemical equations and stoichiometry.
Nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect, spectrum of the hydrogen atom, Bohr model and its postulates/derivations/limitations, dual nature of matter, de Broglie's relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, quantum mechanical model of the atom, atomic orbitals as one-electron wave functions, quantum numbers, shapes of s/p/d orbitals, electron spin, Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle, Hund's rule, electronic configuration of elements, extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals.
Kössel-Lewis approach to bond formation, ionic and covalent bonds. Ionic bonding — formation, factors affecting it, lattice enthalpy. Covalent bonding — electronegativity, Fajans' rule, dipole moment, VSEPR theory and shapes of molecules. Valence bond theory, hybridization (s, p, d), resonance. Molecular orbital theory — LCAO, bonding/antibonding orbitals, sigma and pi bonds, MO electronic configuration of homonuclear diatomics, bond order, bond length, bond energy. Elementary metallic bonding, hydrogen bonding and its applications.
System and surroundings, extensive/intensive properties, state functions, types of processes. First law — work, heat, internal energy, enthalpy, heat capacity, Hess's law, enthalpies of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, hydration, ionization and solution. Second law — spontaneity, ΔS of the universe and ΔG of the system as criteria for spontaneity, ΔG° and the equilibrium constant.
Methods of expressing concentration — molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage. Vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult's law, ideal and non-ideal solutions. Colligative properties — relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, elevation of boiling point, osmotic pressure. Determination of molecular mass using colligative properties, abnormal molar mass, van't Hoff factor.
Concept of dynamic equilibrium. Equilibria involving physical processes — solid-liquid, liquid-gas, solid-gas, Henry's law. Equilibria involving chemical processes — law of chemical equilibrium, Kp and Kc, ΔG and ΔG° in chemical equilibrium, factors affecting equilibrium (concentration, pressure, temperature, catalyst), Le Chatelier's principle. Ionic equilibrium — weak/strong electrolytes, acid-base theories (Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, Lewis), ionization constants, ionization of water, pH scale, common-ion effect, hydrolysis of salts, solubility product, buffer solutions.
Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number and its rules, balancing redox reactions. Electrolytic and metallic conduction, molar conductivity and its variation with concentration, Kohlrausch's law. Electrochemical cells — electrolytic and galvanic cells, electrode potentials, standard electrode potential, EMF and its measurement, Nernst equation, relationship between cell potential and Gibbs energy, dry cell, lead accumulator, fuel cells.
Rate of a reaction and factors affecting it (concentration, temperature, pressure, catalyst), elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity, rate law and rate constant, zero- and first-order reactions (differential and integral forms, half-lives), effect of temperature on rate, Arrhenius theory, activation energy, collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions.
Modern periodic law and the present form of the periodic table, s/p/d/f block elements, periodic trends — atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states, chemical reactivity.
Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties across periods and down groups; unique behaviour of the first element in each group.
Transition elements — general introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, general trends (physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, colour, catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation), preparation/properties/uses of K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄. Inner transition elements — lanthanoids (electronic configuration, oxidation states, lanthanoid contraction) and actinoids (electronic configuration, oxidation states).
Introduction, Werner's theory, ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, isomerism, bonding — valence bond approach and basic ideas of crystal field theory, colour and magnetic properties, importance of coordination compounds (qualitative analysis, extraction of metals, biological systems).
Purification — crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction, chromatography (principles and applications). Qualitative analysis — detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, halogens. Quantitative analysis (basic principles) — estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus; calculation of empirical and molecular formulae.
Tetravalency of carbon, shapes of simple molecules (s and p hybridization), classification of organic compounds by functional group, homologous series, structural and stereoisomerism, nomenclature (trivial and IUPAC). Covalent bond fission — homolytic and heterolytic, free radicals, carbocations, carbanions, their stability, electrophiles and nucleophiles. Electronic displacement — inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance, hyperconjugation. Common reaction types — substitution, addition, elimination, rearrangement.
Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, preparation, properties and reactions. Alkanes — conformations (Sawhorse and Newman projections of ethane), mechanism of halogenation. Alkenes — geometrical isomerism, mechanism of electrophilic addition (Markovnikov's rule, peroxide effect), ozonolysis, polymerization. Alkynes — acidic character, addition reactions, polymerization. Aromatic hydrocarbons — nomenclature, structure and aromaticity of benzene, mechanism of electrophilic substitution (halogenation, nitration), Friedel-Crafts alkylation/acylation, directive influence of functional groups in mono-substituted benzene.
General methods of preparation, properties and reactions, nature of the C-X bond, mechanisms of substitution reactions, uses and environmental effects of chloroform, iodoform, freons and DDT.
General methods of preparation, properties, reactions and uses of alcohols, phenols and ethers — identification of primary/secondary/tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration; acidic nature of phenols, electrophilic substitution (halogenation, nitration, sulphonation), Reimer-Tiemann reaction; structure of ethers. Aldehydes and ketones — nature of the carbonyl group, nucleophilic addition, relative reactivity, key reactions (HCN/NH₃-derivative addition, Grignard reagent, oxidation, reduction — Wolff-Kishner and Clemmensen, acidity of α-hydrogen, aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, haloform reaction), chemical tests distinguishing aldehydes from ketones. Carboxylic acids — acidic strength and factors affecting it.
General methods of preparation, properties, reactions and uses. Amines — nomenclature, classification, structure, basic character, identification of primary/secondary/tertiary amines. Diazonium salts — importance in synthetic organic chemistry.
General introduction and importance. Carbohydrates — classification, aldoses and ketoses, monosaccharides (glucose, fructose) and the monosaccharide units of oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose). Proteins — amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, primary/secondary/tertiary/quaternary structure (qualitative), denaturation, enzymes. Vitamins — classification and functions. Nucleic acids — chemical constitution of DNA and RNA, biological functions. Hormones — general introduction.
Detection of extra elements (N, S, halogens) and functional groups (hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino) in organic compounds. Chemistry of preparing Mohr's salt, potash alum, acetanilide, p-nitroacetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform. Titrimetric exercises — acid-base titrations and indicators, oxalic acid vs KMnO₄, Mohr's salt vs KMnO₄. Qualitative salt analysis — cations (Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Ca²⁺, Ba²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH₄⁺) and anions (CO₃²⁻, S²⁻, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻ — insoluble salts excluded). Principles behind: enthalpy of solution of CuSO₄; enthalpy of neutralization of a strong acid and strong base; preparation of lyophilic/lyophobic sols; kinetic study of the iodide-hydrogen peroxide reaction at room temperature.
NMC's syllabus does not split this into Botany and Zoology — it is a single 10-unit subject, several units explicitly combining plant and animal/human content. This site's Botany and Zoology pages divide the same 10 units into two study tracks; the unit numbers below are what each chapter there is tagged with.
What is living; biodiversity; need for classification; taxonomy & systematics; concept of species and taxonomic hierarchy; binomial nomenclature. Five-kingdom classification; salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi into major groups; lichens; viruses and viroids. Salient features and classification of plants into major groups — Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms. Salient features and classification of animals — non-chordates up to phylum level and chordates up to class level.
Plants — morphology and modifications, tissues, anatomy and functions of root/stem/leaf/inflorescence/flower/fruit/seed, plant families (Malvaceae, Cruciferae, Leguminoceae, Compositae, Graminae). Animals — animal tissues; morphology, anatomy and functions of the digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive systems of an insect/frog (brief account).
Cell theory and the cell as the basic unit of life; structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; plant cell vs animal cell; cell envelope, cell membrane, cell wall; cell organelles — structure and function (endomembrane system: ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies); cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles; nucleus — nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus. Chemical constituents of living cells — biomolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids), enzymes (types, properties, action, classification, nomenclature). Cell division — cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance.
Photosynthesis — as autotrophic nutrition, site of photosynthesis, pigments, photochemical and biosynthetic phases, cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation, chemiosmotic hypothesis, photorespiration, C3 and C4 pathways, factors affecting photosynthesis. Respiration — exchange of gases, cellular respiration (glycolysis, fermentation, TCA cycle, electron transport system), ATP yield, amphibolic pathways, respiratory quotient. Plant growth and development — seed germination, phases and rate of growth, conditions for growth, differentiation/dedifferentiation/redifferentiation, sequence of development in a plant cell, growth regulators (auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA).
Breathing and respiration — respiratory organs (recall), human respiratory system, mechanism and regulation of breathing, respiratory volumes, disorders (asthma, emphysema, occupational disorders). Body fluids and circulation — blood composition, blood groups, coagulation; lymph; human circulatory system, cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG, double circulation, regulation of cardiac activity, disorders (hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina, heart failure). Excretory products and their elimination — modes of excretion, human excretory system, urine formation, osmoregulation, regulation of kidney function, disorders, dialysis. Locomotion and movement — types of movement, skeletal muscle contraction, skeletal system, joints, disorders (myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout). Neural control and coordination — neuron and nerves, human nervous system (central, peripheral, visceral), generation and conduction of nerve impulse. Chemical coordination and regulation — endocrine glands and hormones, human endocrine system (hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads), mechanism of hormone action, related disorders.
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants — flower structure, male and female gametophyte development, pollination, outbreeding devices, pollen-pistil interaction, double fertilization, post-fertilization events, apomixis/parthenocarpy/polyembryony, significance of seed and fruit formation. Human reproduction — male and female reproductive systems, microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary, gametogenesis, menstrual cycle, fertilisation, embryo development to blastocyst, implantation, pregnancy and placenta formation, parturition, lactation. Reproductive health — need for reproductive health, prevention of STDs, birth control methods, contraception, MTP, amniocentesis, infertility and assisted reproductive technologies (IVF, ZIFT, GIFT).
Heredity and variation — Mendelian inheritance, deviations (incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and blood groups, pleiotropy), elementary polygenic inheritance, chromosome theory of inheritance, sex determination (humans, birds, honeybee), linkage and crossing over, sex-linked inheritance (haemophilia, colour blindness), Mendelian disorders (thalassemia), chromosomal disorders (Down, Turner, Klinefelter syndromes). Molecular basis of inheritance — DNA as genetic material, structure of DNA and RNA, DNA packaging, replication, central dogma, transcription, genetic code, translation, gene expression/regulation (lac operon), genome and the Human Genome Project, DNA fingerprinting, protein biosynthesis. Evolution — origin of life, evidence for evolution, Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory, mechanisms (variation, natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift), Hardy-Weinberg principle, adaptive radiation, human evolution.
Health and disease, pathogens and parasites causing human disease (malaria, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm, dengue, chikungunya), basic immunology and vaccines, cancer, HIV and AIDS, adolescence, drug/alcohol/tobacco abuse. Microbes in human welfare — household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation, biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.
Principles and process of biotechnology — genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology). Applications in health and agriculture — human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy, genetically modified organisms (Bt crops), transgenic animals, biosafety issues (biopiracy and patents).
Organisms and environment — population interactions (mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism), population attributes (growth, birth/death rate, age distribution). Ecosystem — patterns, components, productivity, decomposition, energy flow, pyramids of number/biomass/energy. Biodiversity and its conservation — concept and patterns of biodiversity, importance, loss of biodiversity, conservation strategies, hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, national parks and sanctuaries, sacred groves.
Source: NMC Public Notice U-14023/19/NEET(UG Exam)/UGMEB dated 22-12-2025, and NTA Public Notice dated 08-01-2026. Verify against nmc.org.in or neet.nta.nic.in before relying on this page for a live admission cycle — syllabi are occasionally revised.